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A credible reason for a reaction to the industrial revolution was the existence of sweatshops and other unpleasant things in the early industrial revolution. However, I don't think this unpleasantness was the driver of the Romantic movement.

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All four romantic beliefs can be described as some for of attachment or clinging to a desired state. Buddhism and meditation practice reduce this and I wondered whether romaticism would be lower in India. I found a study that addresses this question and uses the same index as you used:https://www.frontiersin.org...It turns out that things are different in India but not in the way I expected - and also not as the researchers expected but more boring...

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I think the definitions you use to describe the phenomenon of "Romanticism" is only applicable to the "misty-eyed" subset of it (ad-hoc term for your establishing quotes that give an ad-hoc shape, that's stated by you as valid for the scope of the post, but arguably does not cover the entire phenomenom of that name). But there is also the "steely-eyed" subset to consider. as exemplfied by Ayn Rand.I say exemplified, because this strain is not just constrained to her redefining a term to mean something she likes. This "steely-eyed" romanticism has far more proponents than just her. But she's the easiest to quotemine and make sense of on the spot.

So Ayn Rand's justification for "romanticism" would match most closely to the third situation, you outlined. "Philosophically, Romanticism is a crusade to glorify man’s existence; psychologically, it is experienced simply as the desire to make life interesting."The drumbeat of that crusade certainly drives me and I do consider myself a romantic. However, I'd be equiably comfortable calling that stance "existentialism".She'd also argue that the feel-good charity that rejects abstract thinking is part of the aesthetic vacuum of our age. (she was famously against charity and altruism)"The archenemy and destroyer of Romanticism was the altruist morality."

Your quote has this:"Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism, idealization of nature, suspicion of science and industrialization, and glorification of the past with a strong preference for the medieval rather than the classical."But Rand idealizes science and industrialization. And she the present and the future with a strong preference for the classical over the medieval. She also rejects religion as savagery of the past. [easy to get that from Atlas Shrugged quotes]Source:http://aynrandlexicon.com/l...

Obligatory note:Bringing up Ayn Rand in any context, will usually have people feeling the need to signal disdain/contempt for her. I hereby preemptively agree that she is [insert whatever evil/bad/lack of virtue] you wish to ascribe to her, so please consider it already stated.

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It looks like most religious people - for example, going along to church on Sunday because they get to chat to friends, and the kids get to chat to friends, and they think there's some good lessons in there for the kids, or because they like the routine and a bit of a sing along, etc.

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Is romance related to nostalgia? I feel romantic/nostalgic about the 1970s (when I was a teenager). Teletypewriters, big honking linear amplifiers, PDP-11s.

Maybe it's the way colors fade on old photographs.

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What does religion without romance look like, in your view?

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Men more romantic than women? I can imagine that applying (ironically) to romance/sex/love, but not so much with everything else. Pie in the sky idealism about life seems more in keeping with the female of the species, in my experience.

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I'd say that people are often romantic about religion.

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It sounds like your definition of romanticism makes it one and the same thing as religious faith. You've fallen in love with an idea, so you don't want to consider changing it; and if you chose it well, you gain in other ways from people knowing that you're locked into it. (Which doesn't necessarily prevent changing your mind in secret.)

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