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	<title>Comments on: Question Medical Findings</title>
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	<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html</link>
	<description>Overcoming Bias is economist Robin Hanson’s blog, on honesty, signaling, disagreement, forecasting, and the far future.</description>
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		<title>By: health advocate</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386284</link>
		<dc:creator>health advocate</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2009 19:32:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386284</guid>
		<description>It is very important to stay on top of your health and have a check up at least once a year to ensure that you remain healthy. Many health problems are curable but you need to catch them in time. Do not wait to go see a doctor because it may be too late.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is very important to stay on top of your health and have a check up at least once a year to ensure that you remain healthy. Many health problems are curable but you need to catch them in time. Do not wait to go see a doctor because it may be too late.</p>
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		<title>By: emr</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386283</link>
		<dc:creator>emr</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Mar 2009 16:38:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386283</guid>
		<description>It is truly amazing how one thing is good for you one day and it will kill you the next.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is truly amazing how one thing is good for you one day and it will kill you the next.</p>
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		<title>By: shared decision making</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386282</link>
		<dc:creator>shared decision making</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2009 17:47:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386282</guid>
		<description>There is a lot we aren&#039;t told as far as the medical industries go.
But , just watching the news and staying up on current times you will see that doctors are constantly changing there opinions on caffeine, coffee, marijuana, etc,etc

Snap out of it people
Eyes wide shut, the news and government use propaganda , so don&#039;t believe everything you hrear
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is a lot we aren&#8217;t told as far as the medical industries go.<br />
But , just watching the news and staying up on current times you will see that doctors are constantly changing there opinions on caffeine, coffee, marijuana, etc,etc</p>
<p>Snap out of it people<br />
Eyes wide shut, the news and government use propaganda , so don&#8217;t believe everything you hrear</p>
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		<title>By: Hopefully Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386281</link>
		<dc:creator>Hopefully Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 04:20:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386281</guid>
		<description>Robin, I like the term &quot;meta-scientist&quot;. Anyone in here abreast on the literature (I hope one exists) sussing out the degree to which pharma warps study results. Is it a black box? How exactly does it work? To what degree has this been quantitatively analyzed? For example, some useful numbers would be the percentage of pharma funded studies that show no or insufficient benefit of a drug, compared to the percentage of non-pharma funded studies, and the % of pharma funded studies showing drug benefit that later get disproven, as opposed to studies that don&#039;t show benefit or that aren&#039;t pharma funded.

And beyond that I&#039;m intersted in the microsocial epistemological mechanisms that result in the production scientific studies saying what benefits the profit motive of a pharmaceutical company rather than what benefits the production of social knowledge. What&#039;s the history of this? What are the current instances? And what are effective restraints?
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Robin, I like the term &#8220;meta-scientist&#8221;. Anyone in here abreast on the literature (I hope one exists) sussing out the degree to which pharma warps study results. Is it a black box? How exactly does it work? To what degree has this been quantitatively analyzed? For example, some useful numbers would be the percentage of pharma funded studies that show no or insufficient benefit of a drug, compared to the percentage of non-pharma funded studies, and the % of pharma funded studies showing drug benefit that later get disproven, as opposed to studies that don&#8217;t show benefit or that aren&#8217;t pharma funded.</p>
<p>And beyond that I&#8217;m intersted in the microsocial epistemological mechanisms that result in the production scientific studies saying what benefits the profit motive of a pharmaceutical company rather than what benefits the production of social knowledge. What&#8217;s the history of this? What are the current instances? And what are effective restraints?</p>
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		<title>By: Diogenes</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386280</link>
		<dc:creator>Diogenes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 01:55:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386280</guid>
		<description>@robin,

For people who already have coronary artery disease or something similiar,  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.utdol.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=lipiddis/6014&amp;selectedTitle=2~150&amp;source=search_result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The UpToDate review is here&lt;/a&gt;. The first two trials are the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7968073&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4S&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841303&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LIPID trial&lt;/a&gt;. Both I  believe were funded by Pharma, but show highly significant results (by p-value) and reasonable effect sizes. These are highly significant results in the context of a highly plausible biological mechanism.

In the case of primary prevention -- i.e. preventing disease in patients who have never had a cardiac event -- this is where pharma and a govt trial &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/allhat/qckref.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ALLHAT&lt;/a&gt; differ. Apparently, the researchers for ALLHAT, also think they had extensive methodological problems  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/allhat/qckref.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;at their own site&lt;/a&gt; and an accompanying editorial to the published study, linked to &lt;a href=&quot;http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/288/23/3042.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;from their site&lt;/a&gt;.

@frelkins, @robin:

This is not my area, but it seems that results from 4S came out in the middle of ALLHAT, and the &quot;placebo/usual care&quot; group in ALLHAT wound up receiving statins (~26%). This accounted for a smaller difference in LDL between the two groups (compared to pharma Trials), as compared to prior trials. This led to a non-significant difference in cardiovascular mortality.

When evaluating a medical intervention -- its important to consider, side effects, cost, and evidence. Side effects for statins are minimal (maybe a little more than tylenol). Cost is going to be nothing, as one is coming off patent. Evidence: multiple RCTS, and very convincing biological models.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@robin,</p>
<p>For people who already have coronary artery disease or something similiar,  <a href="http://www.utdol.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=lipiddis/6014&#038;selectedTitle=2~150&#038;source=search_result" rel="nofollow">The UpToDate review is here</a>. The first two trials are the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7968073" rel="nofollow">4S</a> and the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841303" rel="nofollow">LIPID trial</a>. Both I  believe were funded by Pharma, but show highly significant results (by p-value) and reasonable effect sizes. These are highly significant results in the context of a highly plausible biological mechanism.</p>
<p>In the case of primary prevention &#8212; i.e. preventing disease in patients who have never had a cardiac event &#8212; this is where pharma and a govt trial <a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/allhat/qckref.htm" rel="nofollow">ALLHAT</a> differ. Apparently, the researchers for ALLHAT, also think they had extensive methodological problems  <a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/allhat/qckref.htm" rel="nofollow">at their own site</a> and an accompanying editorial to the published study, linked to <a href="http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/288/23/3042.pdf" rel="nofollow">from their site</a>.</p>
<p>@frelkins, @robin:</p>
<p>This is not my area, but it seems that results from 4S came out in the middle of ALLHAT, and the &#8220;placebo/usual care&#8221; group in ALLHAT wound up receiving statins (~26%). This accounted for a smaller difference in LDL between the two groups (compared to pharma Trials), as compared to prior trials. This led to a non-significant difference in cardiovascular mortality.</p>
<p>When evaluating a medical intervention &#8212; its important to consider, side effects, cost, and evidence. Side effects for statins are minimal (maybe a little more than tylenol). Cost is going to be nothing, as one is coming off patent. Evidence: multiple RCTS, and very convincing biological models.</p>
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		<title>By: Robin Hanson</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386279</link>
		<dc:creator>Robin Hanson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2009 12:16:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386279</guid>
		<description>Diogenes, &lt;i&gt;every&lt;/i&gt; study has &quot;methodological problems.&quot; Give a link; your blog has only four posts, none of which mention statins or primary preventions.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Diogenes, <i>every</i> study has &#8220;methodological problems.&#8221; Give a link; your blog has only four posts, none of which mention statins or primary preventions.</p>
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		<title>By: frelkins</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386278</link>
		<dc:creator>frelkins</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2009 01:41:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386278</guid>
		<description>@Diogenes

Haven&#039;t you just re-inforced Robin&#039;s point? The vast majority of the studies finding &quot;benefit&quot; seem to be sponsored in some way by big pharma, the people with the most to gain. Not a neutral, trustworthy source of science.

The only independent, government study seems to show no significant benefit. You question the use of even the government study - therefore it seems there&#039;s no quality, trustworthy evidence for statins either way at all! We know nothing scientific about drugs we spend many billions of dollars a year on. Why are we as a society paying for them?

Can you please, Diogenes, offer OB several high-quality peer-reviewed ungated &quot;clean&quot; - independent, no pharma! - studies that show significant benefit for this class of drugs or any brand-name statin? They would be useful to see.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@Diogenes</p>
<p>Haven&#8217;t you just re-inforced Robin&#8217;s point? The vast majority of the studies finding &#8220;benefit&#8221; seem to be sponsored in some way by big pharma, the people with the most to gain. Not a neutral, trustworthy source of science.</p>
<p>The only independent, government study seems to show no significant benefit. You question the use of even the government study &#8211; therefore it seems there&#8217;s no quality, trustworthy evidence for statins either way at all! We know nothing scientific about drugs we spend many billions of dollars a year on. Why are we as a society paying for them?</p>
<p>Can you please, Diogenes, offer OB several high-quality peer-reviewed ungated &#8220;clean&#8221; &#8211; independent, no pharma! &#8211; studies that show significant benefit for this class of drugs or any brand-name statin? They would be useful to see.</p>
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		<title>By: Diogenes</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386277</link>
		<dc:creator>Diogenes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2009 01:09:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386277</guid>
		<description>@Robin
The govt. trial (ALLHAT), looked more at primary prevention and had a couple methodological problems (see their own website for more detail). See my earlier postings for the diff between primary and secondary prevention. Dr. Eade appears to make the same point, but it seems like you are missing it, because he&#039;s mainly ranting. Anyone who says  &quot;on these drugs that are not particularly benign. &quot; -- has an axe to grind. Of all the meds available, this class is probably one with the least amount of side effects.

The QALY for a statin is ~ 15K-25K year for secondary prevention.

All this info is easily accessible on up-to-date, which is available at any academic medical center.


Statins are just not a good example regarding bias in medicine --- they mainly display the bias of the person doing the ranting. Just like creationists clearly have their own agenda.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@Robin<br />
The govt. trial (ALLHAT), looked more at primary prevention and had a couple methodological problems (see their own website for more detail). See my earlier postings for the diff between primary and secondary prevention. Dr. Eade appears to make the same point, but it seems like you are missing it, because he&#8217;s mainly ranting. Anyone who says  &#8220;on these drugs that are not particularly benign. &#8221; &#8212; has an axe to grind. Of all the meds available, this class is probably one with the least amount of side effects.</p>
<p>The QALY for a statin is ~ 15K-25K year for secondary prevention.</p>
<p>All this info is easily accessible on up-to-date, which is available at any academic medical center.</p>
<p>Statins are just not a good example regarding bias in medicine &#8212; they mainly display the bias of the person doing the ranting. Just like creationists clearly have their own agenda.</p>
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		<title>By: Stuart Buck</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386276</link>
		<dc:creator>Stuart Buck</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2009 22:16:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386276</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt; Which is a better guide to the truth, the consensus of the scientific community, or a maverick collection of bloggers?  . . . But at least science as an institution has mechanisms to self correct, and has a track record over hundreds of years of having come far closer to the truth during that time&lt;/i&gt;

I think what I&#039;ve linked to in the post &lt;i&gt;precisely consists of&lt;/i&gt; efforts of the scientific community (or portions thereof) to &quot;self correct,&quot; that is, to point out that some treatments or practices aren&#039;t supported by good evidence.

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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i> Which is a better guide to the truth, the consensus of the scientific community, or a maverick collection of bloggers?  . . . But at least science as an institution has mechanisms to self correct, and has a track record over hundreds of years of having come far closer to the truth during that time</i></p>
<p>I think what I&#8217;ve linked to in the post <i>precisely consists of</i> efforts of the scientific community (or portions thereof) to &#8220;self correct,&#8221; that is, to point out that some treatments or practices aren&#8217;t supported by good evidence.</p>
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		<title>By: Robin Hanson</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386275</link>
		<dc:creator>Robin Hanson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2009 21:54:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2009/03/question-medical-findings.html#comment-386275</guid>
		<description>Hal, if we reject everyone who has ever stated a prior opinion on a related subject we will have few left to rely on.  What if the consensus among meta scientists, who study medical science at a meta level, is that medical scientists are way too eager to draw conclusions that favor their drug company funders?  What if I am one of those meta-scientists?
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hal, if we reject everyone who has ever stated a prior opinion on a related subject we will have few left to rely on.  What if the consensus among meta scientists, who study medical science at a meta level, is that medical scientists are way too eager to draw conclusions that favor their drug company funders?  What if I am one of those meta-scientists?</p>
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