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	<title>Comments on: Bias Against Torture</title>
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	<description>Overcoming Bias is economist Robin Hanson’s blog, on honesty, signaling, disagreement, forecasting, and the far future.</description>
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		<title>By: DaCracka</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428615</link>
		<dc:creator>DaCracka</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Nov 2007 18:25:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428615</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;As a person who has run afoul of the law once or twice, corporal punishment would be preferrable to incarceration. Primarily because the state would decide an appropriate amount of punishment relative to the crime. In a D.O.C. facility, physical harm is frequently administered by other prisoners as well as gaurds. Judges aren&#039;t 100% fair, but I&#039;d trust their judgement overall more than the judgement of gaurds and inmates. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before joining general population, I was stripped naked, made to take a shower in scalding water, and washed with a harsh soap. I&#039;m sure designed to limit (not eliminate, which would be impossible in a lock-down facility,) antibiotic-resistant staph infections, which were prevelant enough to warrant a pamphlet. Staph costs lives and limbs, which would seem an extreme punichment for any crime short of murder, but is acceptable as a necessary side effect of imprisonment. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Despite someone&#039;s thought that prison rape is a fantasy of the writers on Oz, that, also, merited a seperate pamphlet, with suggestions for avoiding involuntary sodomy. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I don&#039;t know of any judge who would advocate that violation, even in retribution for a rapists&#039; crimes. Even so, a judge would, presumably, pre determine the appropriate duration, location, and medical concerns involved.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finally, this experience was BEFORE a trial, before I was &quot;proven guilty in a court of law.&quot; Before I faced a jury of my peers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Torture seems a little less evil, when you look at both sides of the issue. A caning seems downright humanitarian in comparison.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Unless we can garuntee no rapes, infections, and beatings, imprisonment seems worse than torture, because it&#039;s inflicted randomly and without concern for benefit or rehabilitation. No-one is stepping in to end this expiriment, and it&#039;s high time we did.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;(I don&#039;t advocate torture, or corporal punishment, but I think the current option is worse, in many ways.)&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a person who has run afoul of the law once or twice, corporal punishment would be preferrable to incarceration. Primarily because the state would decide an appropriate amount of punishment relative to the crime. In a D.O.C. facility, physical harm is frequently administered by other prisoners as well as gaurds. Judges aren&#8217;t 100% fair, but I&#8217;d trust their judgement overall more than the judgement of gaurds and inmates. </p>
<p>Before joining general population, I was stripped naked, made to take a shower in scalding water, and washed with a harsh soap. I&#8217;m sure designed to limit (not eliminate, which would be impossible in a lock-down facility,) antibiotic-resistant staph infections, which were prevelant enough to warrant a pamphlet. Staph costs lives and limbs, which would seem an extreme punichment for any crime short of murder, but is acceptable as a necessary side effect of imprisonment. </p>
<p>Despite someone&#8217;s thought that prison rape is a fantasy of the writers on Oz, that, also, merited a seperate pamphlet, with suggestions for avoiding involuntary sodomy. </p>
<p>I don&#8217;t know of any judge who would advocate that violation, even in retribution for a rapists&#8217; crimes. Even so, a judge would, presumably, pre determine the appropriate duration, location, and medical concerns involved.</p>
<p>Finally, this experience was BEFORE a trial, before I was &#8220;proven guilty in a court of law.&#8221; Before I faced a jury of my peers.</p>
<p>Torture seems a little less evil, when you look at both sides of the issue. A caning seems downright humanitarian in comparison.</p>
<p>Unless we can garuntee no rapes, infections, and beatings, imprisonment seems worse than torture, because it&#8217;s inflicted randomly and without concern for benefit or rehabilitation. No-one is stepping in to end this expiriment, and it&#8217;s high time we did.</p>
<p>(I don&#8217;t advocate torture, or corporal punishment, but I think the current option is worse, in many ways.)</p>
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		<title>By: Scoop</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428614</link>
		<dc:creator>Scoop</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Sep 2007 15:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428614</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I think the rehabilitation discussion has it entirely backward. From all that I have read and heard, a stint in prison, surrounded by criminals, is far more likely to harden criminals and encourage criminality than it is to rehabilitate anyone. I&#039;m not sure I support the torture option, but it would seem that keeping criminals apart would be a major argument in its favor -- unless anyone out there has data that argues the other way.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think the rehabilitation discussion has it entirely backward. From all that I have read and heard, a stint in prison, surrounded by criminals, is far more likely to harden criminals and encourage criminality than it is to rehabilitate anyone. I&#8217;m not sure I support the torture option, but it would seem that keeping criminals apart would be a major argument in its favor &#8212; unless anyone out there has data that argues the other way.</p>
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		<title>By: itchy</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428613</link>
		<dc:creator>itchy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 2007 01:38:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428613</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;Many convicted criminals, however, don’t pose a risk to society.  Men convicted of securities fraud, for example, are frequently barred from the stock market and so their freedom won’t endanger society.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So you propose torture only for white-collar criminals? In what way are they not a risk to society upon being freed? It would seem they&#039;d be just as likely to re-commit their chosen crime as a non-white-collar criminal would be. In what way is torture a better deterrent, especially, if, as your comments suggest, the criminal would prefer torture over imprisonment?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And given that the knock on white-collar sentences is that the criminals are shuffled into &#039;Club Med&#039;-style prisons, why do you think a sentence of torture would amount to more than a slap on the wrist?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Personally, I don&#039;t look to the prison system to provide retribution or much of a deterrence. That&#039;s for medieval types. Prison is about incapacitation, and, hopefully, rehabilitation. And, yes, I&#039;m willing to pony up for that, just as you&#039;re willing to pony up to send a huckster back out on the street to bilk us all out of money through the back door by pretending you&#039;ve deterred him. Just because it doesn&#039;t show up on the budget doesn&#039;t mean you didn&#039;t pay.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Many convicted criminals, however, don’t pose a risk to society.  Men convicted of securities fraud, for example, are frequently barred from the stock market and so their freedom won’t endanger society.</p></blockquote>
<p>So you propose torture only for white-collar criminals? In what way are they not a risk to society upon being freed? It would seem they&#8217;d be just as likely to re-commit their chosen crime as a non-white-collar criminal would be. In what way is torture a better deterrent, especially, if, as your comments suggest, the criminal would prefer torture over imprisonment?</p>
<p>And given that the knock on white-collar sentences is that the criminals are shuffled into &#8216;Club Med&#8217;-style prisons, why do you think a sentence of torture would amount to more than a slap on the wrist?</p>
<p>Personally, I don&#8217;t look to the prison system to provide retribution or much of a deterrence. That&#8217;s for medieval types. Prison is about incapacitation, and, hopefully, rehabilitation. And, yes, I&#8217;m willing to pony up for that, just as you&#8217;re willing to pony up to send a huckster back out on the street to bilk us all out of money through the back door by pretending you&#8217;ve deterred him. Just because it doesn&#8217;t show up on the budget doesn&#8217;t mean you didn&#8217;t pay.</p>
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		<title>By: Torben</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428612</link>
		<dc:creator>Torben</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 2007 11:06:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428612</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I think one of the key differences between a lifetime in prison and supervised torture is one akin to what Sam Harris calls the perfect weapon (when distinguishing between the collateral damage of Western air raids and an equal amount of mayhem produced by blowing up a bus with a tummy belt full of nails).  Nobody wants rape to happen in prisons; it&#039;s an accidental and perhaps unavoidable byproduct.  A noteworthy distinction is that it is private citizens and not the state perpetrating these acts.  Crucially, we don&#039;t think in terms of maximizing economic benefit at all times and (moral) costs.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Say someone came up with a solid, mathematical proof that sending the poorest 15% of the population into forced labor camps was economically beneficial to society as a whole and perhaps even to (most of) the people at risk.  Would this be a wise path to pursue, even if some of the laborers preferred this?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Incarcerating people for long periods of time is the least invasive measure we have in deterring and preventing crime.  Prisoners&#039; bodies and minds are not breached, their personal integrity is not compromised.  We have not dehumanized them, but only taken the minimally intrusive precautions to protect society from their doings.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finally, European prison systems don&#039;t normally dish out as long prison sentences as the US; many rehabilitation efforts are also more succesful.  Furthermore, incarceration &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/182412.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;seems&lt;/a&gt; to be the least cost-effective means of preventing crime; improving high school completion rates the most.  Why only consider the most provocative alternative to incarceration?  It seems to me similar to assume the most &lt;a href=&quot;en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;provocative&lt;/a&gt; explanation of differing cognitive test outcomes.  It seems to me a more rational approach  is to encourage crime prevention, reduce incaceration rates and prevent prison rape.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think one of the key differences between a lifetime in prison and supervised torture is one akin to what Sam Harris calls the perfect weapon (when distinguishing between the collateral damage of Western air raids and an equal amount of mayhem produced by blowing up a bus with a tummy belt full of nails).  Nobody wants rape to happen in prisons; it&#8217;s an accidental and perhaps unavoidable byproduct.  A noteworthy distinction is that it is private citizens and not the state perpetrating these acts.  Crucially, we don&#8217;t think in terms of maximizing economic benefit at all times and (moral) costs.  </p>
<p>Say someone came up with a solid, mathematical proof that sending the poorest 15% of the population into forced labor camps was economically beneficial to society as a whole and perhaps even to (most of) the people at risk.  Would this be a wise path to pursue, even if some of the laborers preferred this?</p>
<p>Incarcerating people for long periods of time is the least invasive measure we have in deterring and preventing crime.  Prisoners&#8217; bodies and minds are not breached, their personal integrity is not compromised.  We have not dehumanized them, but only taken the minimally intrusive precautions to protect society from their doings.</p>
<p>Finally, European prison systems don&#8217;t normally dish out as long prison sentences as the US; many rehabilitation efforts are also more succesful.  Furthermore, incarceration <a href="http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/182412.pdf" rel="nofollow">seems</a> to be the least cost-effective means of preventing crime; improving high school completion rates the most.  Why only consider the most provocative alternative to incarceration?  It seems to me similar to assume the most <a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve" rel="nofollow">provocative</a> explanation of differing cognitive test outcomes.  It seems to me a more rational approach  is to encourage crime prevention, reduce incaceration rates and prevent prison rape.</p>
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		<title>By: Prakash</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428611</link>
		<dc:creator>Prakash</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 2007 04:01:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428611</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;If I can take a slight liberty in interpreting this topic as alternatives to present incarceration which might work better, I am in favour of supervised working prisons.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Prison as of now does not allow people to work and pay back their debt and make the victim whole. Now, not all crimes can be compensated this way, but this approach reduces costs and makes sure rehabilitation is on a better track than today because of learning useful skills, and getting a chance to get back into society. Also, the victim receives a compensation. &lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If I can take a slight liberty in interpreting this topic as alternatives to present incarceration which might work better, I am in favour of supervised working prisons.</p>
<p>Prison as of now does not allow people to work and pay back their debt and make the victim whole. Now, not all crimes can be compensated this way, but this approach reduces costs and makes sure rehabilitation is on a better track than today because of learning useful skills, and getting a chance to get back into society. Also, the victim receives a compensation. </p>
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		<title>By: mtraven</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428610</link>
		<dc:creator>mtraven</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Aug 2007 20:11:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428610</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;For one thing, saying there has been gradual improvement is not the same thing as saying we&#039;ve reached some sort of an endpoint.  If I had to imagine the future of penology, my guess is that prisons will largely disappear, since the same functions of restraint and monitoring can easily be done with implantable trackers and electronic monitoring technologies.  This is already happening on a small scale.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You suggest torture will be performed in a &quot;highly professional and scientifically optimized manner&quot;. Maybe. I&#039;m talking about how torture is practiced now, which is often in a professionalized and highly pseudoscientific manner that corrupts all people and institutions involved with it. You can read about how the field of psychology was co-opted and corrupted by the CIA&#039;s Cold War torture experiments &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=-sa-nUI3HGMC&amp;dq=&amp;pg=PP1&amp;ots=FKrFeHTY_a&amp;sig=MQZB8tKjeQJ_LqKyGYoMJnHb0JQ&amp;prev=http://www.google.com/search%3Fq%3Da%2Bquestion%2Bof%2Btorture%26sourceid%3Dnavclient-ff%26ie%3DUTF-8%26rls%3DGGGL,GGGL:2006-42,GGGL:en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=print&amp;ct=title&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;in this recent book&lt;/a&gt;. Somebody wanted empirical evidence, I suggest you start here.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For one thing, saying there has been gradual improvement is not the same thing as saying we&#8217;ve reached some sort of an endpoint.  If I had to imagine the future of penology, my guess is that prisons will largely disappear, since the same functions of restraint and monitoring can easily be done with implantable trackers and electronic monitoring technologies.  This is already happening on a small scale.  </p>
<p>You suggest torture will be performed in a &#8220;highly professional and scientifically optimized manner&#8221;. Maybe. I&#8217;m talking about how torture is practiced now, which is often in a professionalized and highly pseudoscientific manner that corrupts all people and institutions involved with it. You can read about how the field of psychology was co-opted and corrupted by the CIA&#8217;s Cold War torture experiments <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-sa-nUI3HGMC&amp;dq=&amp;pg=PP1&amp;ots=FKrFeHTY_a&amp;sig=MQZB8tKjeQJ_LqKyGYoMJnHb0JQ&amp;prev=http://www.google.com/search%3Fq%3Da%2Bquestion%2Bof%2Btorture%26sourceid%3Dnavclient-ff%26ie%3DUTF-8%26rls%3DGGGL,GGGL:2006-42,GGGL:en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=print&amp;ct=title" rel="nofollow">in this recent book</a>. Somebody wanted empirical evidence, I suggest you start here.</p>
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		<title>By: Hopefully Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428609</link>
		<dc:creator>Hopefully Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Aug 2007 19:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428609</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Douglas, I generally agree with your most recent comments. I like this line &quot; in practice, our best guess answer must be produced by plugging in more specific empirics into a theoretical framework.&quot; To answer your question to me: yes, exactly -that he didn&#039;t transparently state how (or even if) he reached his conclusory statements from empirically derived information.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Douglas, I generally agree with your most recent comments. I like this line &#8221; in practice, our best guess answer must be produced by plugging in more specific empirics into a theoretical framework.&#8221; To answer your question to me: yes, exactly -that he didn&#8217;t transparently state how (or even if) he reached his conclusory statements from empirically derived information.</p>
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		<title>By: TGGP</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428608</link>
		<dc:creator>TGGP</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Aug 2007 18:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428608</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;I liked Nick Bostrom&#039;s comment. We have indeed slowly achieved a somewhat higher standard of civility than our ancestors. Progress has not been monotonic, as the various industrial-scale barbarisms of the 20th century have shown. But in fact we have mostly weaned ourselves from torture, capital punishment, punitive mutilation, and the like. We should not deliberately try to reverse this ratchet.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;
The Marxists believed communism was the endpoint of dialectical materialist history. Hegel believed the Prussian state was in his time, and Fukuyama believed market democracy was rather recently. I do not know what the future will be like. It is possible (though I do not think likely) that they will have replaced imprisonment with torture and regard our time as barbaric for locking people in jail for years at a time with the most violent people rather than a quick administration (done in a highly professional and scientifically optimized manner) of disincentive. Would you be willing to say to these hypothetical denizens of the future &quot;Yes, our ancestors had completely wrong ideas about morality and crime and punishment. Yes our system was flawed. But no matter what you think your system is much worse than ours!&quot;. What argument could you present to this hypothetical man (or woman, or who knows what genders and species may exist) of tomorrow that the unenlightened folks of the past could not similarly?&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>I liked Nick Bostrom&#8217;s comment. We have indeed slowly achieved a somewhat higher standard of civility than our ancestors. Progress has not been monotonic, as the various industrial-scale barbarisms of the 20th century have shown. But in fact we have mostly weaned ourselves from torture, capital punishment, punitive mutilation, and the like. We should not deliberately try to reverse this ratchet.</i><br />
The Marxists believed communism was the endpoint of dialectical materialist history. Hegel believed the Prussian state was in his time, and Fukuyama believed market democracy was rather recently. I do not know what the future will be like. It is possible (though I do not think likely) that they will have replaced imprisonment with torture and regard our time as barbaric for locking people in jail for years at a time with the most violent people rather than a quick administration (done in a highly professional and scientifically optimized manner) of disincentive. Would you be willing to say to these hypothetical denizens of the future &#8220;Yes, our ancestors had completely wrong ideas about morality and crime and punishment. Yes our system was flawed. But no matter what you think your system is much worse than ours!&#8221;. What argument could you present to this hypothetical man (or woman, or who knows what genders and species may exist) of tomorrow that the unenlightened folks of the past could not similarly?</p>
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		<title>By: Douglas Knight</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428607</link>
		<dc:creator>Douglas Knight</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Aug 2007 18:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428607</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;HA,&lt;br&gt;
In your second comment, you said &quot;torturing...may reduce your and my likelihood of personally being tortured...It&#039;s an empirical question though.&quot; Certainly, empirics are necessary to answer this question. In theory, a sufficiently controlled experiment could directly answer it, but in practice, our best guess answer must be produced by plugging in more specific empirics into a theoretical framework.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I admit that this conversation did not much increase my understanding of how people and states reach decisions. They are so far from logic that holding up a logical argument for comparison may not be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You are right that my last sentence does not make sense. James Miller&#039;s last paragraph &lt;b&gt;is&lt;/b&gt; making an empirical claim. It is hard to draw lines between empirical claims and inference, but it seems to me that that paragraph requires very limited empirical claims about people&#039;s beliefs.&lt;br&gt;
What would it mean to be &quot;transparently rooted in empiricism&quot;? That he say how he reached these beliefs?&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>HA,<br />
In your second comment, you said &#8220;torturing&#8230;may reduce your and my likelihood of personally being tortured&#8230;It&#8217;s an empirical question though.&#8221; Certainly, empirics are necessary to answer this question. In theory, a sufficiently controlled experiment could directly answer it, but in practice, our best guess answer must be produced by plugging in more specific empirics into a theoretical framework.</p>
<p>I admit that this conversation did not much increase my understanding of how people and states reach decisions. They are so far from logic that holding up a logical argument for comparison may not be helpful.</p>
<p>You are right that my last sentence does not make sense. James Miller&#8217;s last paragraph <b>is</b> making an empirical claim. It is hard to draw lines between empirical claims and inference, but it seems to me that that paragraph requires very limited empirical claims about people&#8217;s beliefs.<br />
What would it mean to be &#8220;transparently rooted in empiricism&#8221;? That he say how he reached these beliefs?</p>
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		<title>By: Floccina</title>
		<link>http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/08/bias-against-to.html#comment-428606</link>
		<dc:creator>Floccina</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Aug 2007 14:59:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prod.ob.trike.com.au/2007/08/bias-against-torture.html#comment-428606</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I do not know about torture but I have often wondered why some prefer life in prison with no chance of parol over death.  &lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I do not know about torture but I have often wondered why some prefer life in prison with no chance of parol over death.  </p>
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